Tests, Measurement and Evaluation TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION Physical education and sports, tests and measurements are necessary to ...
Tests, Measurement and Evaluation
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| TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION |
Physical education and sports, tests and measurements are necessary to evaluate the fitness and performance levels of individual sportspersons. The results of tests and measurements guide people to select appropriate programs for sports and physical education that suit their body abilities and potential. This help in improving the fitness levels of sportspersons and give insights into ter strengths and weaknesses.
Since the days of Hitchcock (1861) and Sargeant (1880) at Harvard in the USA, several tests of physical ability have been developed. Most of these tests consist a various combinations of track and field type of events. However, the earlier program of testing were mostly restricted to colleges and universities. The most serious attempts of testing public school children started in 1908. Since then, several tests for measuring physical fitness, skills, aptitudes, etc. have been developed.
TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
Meaning of Test
A test is defined as a method or procedure of assessing the abilities of a person or a group of individuals. In the case of individuals, we talk of proficiency tests, achievement tests, aptitude tests, etc. In such tests, factors like muscular strength, agility flexibility, speed, endurance, balance, knowledge, insight and many other psychophysical traits may be involved.
In sports, a proficiency or achievement teat measures the general motor ability, Strength, speed or some skill and the ability to perform tasks such as swimming. Generally, tests are used to evaluate a trainee’s performance and progress. For this purpose, we need to conduct two tests, one before the training and second at the end of training Testing procedures involve assessment or measurements.
Definition of Test
1, According to Webster’ Dictionary "A test Is a tool to evaluate the skill knowledge, capacities or aptitudes of an individual or a group”
2. According to Barry &. Johnson and Jack Nelson, “Test Is the form of questioning or measuring used to assess retention of knowledge, capacity or ability of sony endeavour.”
Meaning of Measurement
Measurement is a technique which involves collection of data about an athlete, performance or skills, using tests. It tells us about the capacity of ability of the athlete. Far example how far or how high can an athlete jump, how much weigh can a weightlifter lift or how fast can an athlete run a distance of 100 m. For measurements, we need tools or instruments, the responses to which are expressed in terms of quantity or quality.
Measurement also includes assigning numeric value to a quality of an object or person, e.g. height, weight, length etc.
Definition of Measurement
1. According to HM Barrow, “Measurement refers to the process of administering a test to obtain quantitative data.”
2. According to Barry L. Johnson and Jack Nelson, “Measurement aids evaluation process in which various tools and techniques are used in collection of data.”
Tests and Measurements in Sports For a successful program of physical education, we have to
1. Plan a curriculum of physical education activities in order to achieve the objectives of physical education,
2. Organise classes to implement the curriculum.
3. Conduct tests and take measurements to evaluate the program, and
4. Assess the achievements of students and programs and introduce changes, if required.
Thus measurements enter at the third age of the overall physical education program. They indicate results and determine the quality and amount of development. Therefore, tests and measurements are an integral part of phys al education programmes.Evaluation
Evaluation is a technique used for checking or assessing the progress of a project or program. It determines the extent to which the objectives of a physical education program have been achieved.
Definition of Evaluation
according to Shuffleboord, “Evaluation is a study designed to assist some audience to gssess an obyect’S merit and worth’
according to Barrow and McGee, "Evaluation is the process of education that involves collection of data from the products which can be used for comparison with pre-conceived criteria to make judgement”
The process of evaluation has four levels: 1. Framing the objectives
2. Planning the process
3. Implementation
4. Evaluation
Thus, evaluation is systematic and dynamic process. It identifies the strength and weakness of the program. Evaluation is based upon the data obtained from the tests.
IMPORTANCE OF TESTS, MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUTION IN SPORTS
The programs of physical education are necessary for the development of students and individuals. This fact can be proved through valid means of tests and measurements. The importance of tests, measurements and evaluation in physical education can be understood from the following points:
1. Classification of Students: The classification of students into homogeneous groups is very important for effective learning in physical education. This classification can be done on the basis of age, height, weight, etc. or on the basis of general motor abilities or physical efficiency. These parameters can be measured using tests, Measurements and evaluation.
2. Proper Guidance: The knowledge of limitations and weaknesses of students can be obtained through tests, measurements and evaluation. It is necessary to prescribe an appropriate program of activities that can bring about improvements.
3. To frame aims or objectives: Test, measurement and evaluation play vital role in framing aims or objectives. They help in setting goals and targets the students after recognising their limits and strengths
4. Evaluation of physical education programs: Tests and measurements and evaluation check the rate of progress or improvement of the students but are also necessary for knowing the effectiveness of the program mg carrying out changes, if required.
5. To develop ability and skill: Athletes become aware of their skills and abilities with the help of tests, measurement and evaluation and they strive to enhance them.
6. To find out the rate of improvement or progress: Test, measurement and evaluation check the rate of progress or improvement of the trainees The instructor formulates the training program for the trainee which are based on tus rate of progress or improvement.
7. To recognise and diagnose learning problems: The problems of the trainers can be understood by test, measurement and evaluation and can also be treated by making appropriate action plan. In fact test measurement and evaluation are not only the indicators of trainees’ progress but also help instructors to identify the problems which hinder trainees’ progress. Instructors recognise these problems and develop such physical activities or programs that rectify them.
8. Motivation: Tests, measurements and evaluation serve as a means of motivation for pupils to improve and maintain their physical fitness or skills in sports. Their current performances can be compared with their past results as well as with others’ performances. Hence, students are encouraged to take part in the fitness programs and are motivated to enhance their performance levels.
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